When data were sufficient, summary estimates were constructed for high maternal Hb (≥ 130 g/L) and the odds of LBW, VLBW, PTB, SGA, stillbirth, perinatal mortality, and neonatal mortality by timing at preconception, 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, and 3rd trimester (Table 2). Here, GSTM1 is linked to Stillbirth.