In addition, several genes (KLF4, NAT1, REX1, DPPA2, FGF2, CDH1, DNMT3B, GRB7, LIN28A, ZNF589, POU5F1, NANOG, TDGF1, GDF3, UTF1, DPPA4, and GABRB3) specifically expressed by iPSC were highly expressed in K-iPSCs and AF-iPSCs, but poorly expressed in K-NSCs and AF-NSCs. This evidence concerns the gene DPPA4 and atrial fibrillation.