Smaller tumour volumes were observed after NIL-IM-Lip+PD-1 mAb+Laser (NIL-IM-Lip+PD-1+L) treatment than those in the PD-1 group and NIL-IM-Lip+L group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) (Fig. 8b–d). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.