INS and diabetes mellitus: DM is characterized by high glucose levels due to insufficient production or inefficient utilization of insulin in Type 1 (T1-DM) or T2-DM, respectively.2–4 Regardless of the cause, a major complication of DM is the bone disease and increased fragility with a 32% increased risk of bone fractures in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics .5,6,7