Antibiotic (ABX) treatment promotes the downregulation of homeostasis-related genes P2ry12, P2ry13, Selplg, Gpr165, and Cst3 in the spinal microglial cells of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mice (an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animal model), whereas neurodegenerative disease characteristic-related genes include the upregulation of Apoe, Lgals3 bp, and Cst7. Here, SOD1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.