To confirm that expression of COMMD3 protein in the tumour cell compartment is associated with disease-specific survival, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of an independent cohort using a commercially available antibody that we first validated on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HEK293T cell pellets (Fig. 2F), showing visibly reduced staining in shCOMMD3 compared to control cultures. This evidence concerns the gene COMMD3 and neoplasm.