In PD patients and PD mouse models, the upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18 in the nigrostriatal axis induced by NLRP3 inflammasome activation damages dopaminergic neurons, whereas the suppression of inflammasome activation decreases IL-1β expression, thus attenuating PD-associated phenotypes[46, 76–78]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Parkinson disease.