IL1B and Parkinson disease: Microglia, which are the resident macrophages in the CNS, engage in bidirectional communication with astrocytes [10], releasing proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathological conditions, including in experimental PD models induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-, LPS-, and α-synuclein [11–15].