The latest view is that elevated copper can directly bind to lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), an enzyme participating in the formation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and affecting the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which results in the oligomerization of lipoylated DLAT, subsequently leading to proteotoxic stress and tumor cell death18–20. The gene discussed is DLAT; the disease is neoplasm.