Blockade of TGF-β1 with neutralizing TGF-β antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides significantly ameliorates renal fibrosis in a wide range of disease models [41, 42], whereas overexpression of mature TGF-β1 in rodent liver promotes progressive renal fibrosis [43]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.