Nevertheless, CD40 is an emerging therapeutic target in multiple cancer types: CD40 agonist antibodies, combined with a T-cell-inducing vaccine and PD-1 antagonist antibodies, showed promising antitumor activity in an orthotopic breast cancer model39, and several clinical trials combining agonist CD40 antibodies with various (immuno)therapies for TNBC and other cancer types are ongoing. This evidence concerns the gene CD40 and breast cancer.