In 3 trials (Keynote-042, IMpower110, CheckMate 026), only PD-L1-positive patients (PD-L1 tumour proportional score (TPS) ≥1% [8, 27, 31, 37] and in the other 3 trials (Keynote-024, Keynote-598, EMPOWER-Lung) only participants with high expression of PD-L1 (TPS ≥ 50%) were eligible for inclusion [5, 6, 9, 26, 28]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.