RNA-Seq analysis of cells independently treated with nifedipine and metformin also showed a significant correction in pathway genes for calcium signaling, cell cycle, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) (aberrant increases in PGC-1α activity have been linked to heart failure and diabetes), glucose and mineral transport, alanine, and aspartate and glutamate metabolism compared with other groups (Supplemental Figure 14, C–H). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to diabetes mellitus.