PPARGC1A and heart failure: RNA-Seq analysis of cells independently treated with nifedipine and metformin also showed a significant correction in pathway genes for calcium signaling, cell cycle, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) (aberrant increases in PGC-1α activity have been linked to heart failure and diabetes), glucose and mineral transport, alanine, and aspartate and glutamate metabolism compared with other groups (Supplemental Figure 14, C–H).