INS and Insulin resistance: Furthermore, based on previous findings, a comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations of fat-related metabolic impairment in their association with arterial stiffness among adolescents should also include the analysis of biochemical markers of adipose excess and metabolic derangement, such as insulin serum levels, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum gamma glutamyltransferase (sGGT) and uric acid [27–29].