In mammalian cells, the RING domain E3 ligases LRSAM1 and TRAF6 have been shown to promote ubiquitination of vacuoles containing Salmonella Typhimurium and Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria, and the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (Huett et al., 2012; Haldar et al., 2015), and NEDD4 (Pei et al., 2017), Parkin (Manzanillo et al., 2013), Smurf1 (Franco et al., 2017) to mediate ubiquitination of mycobacteria and host proteins during infection. Here, PRKN is linked to infection.