Molecular characterization of advanced NSCLC has resulted in an established treatment paradigm that targets well-characterized oncogenes, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor exon 14 skipping (MET14 skipping), and V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B p.V600E (BRAFV600E) alterations [75]. The gene discussed is ROS1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.