CALR and neoplasm: Based on mild MHT, the liquid‒gas phase-transition nanodroplets facilitate the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumour cells, and the cavitation effect-mediated cell membrane disintegration leads to increased release and exposure of DAMPs [37], which includes passively released high mobility group B1 (HMGB1), actively secreted adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and surface-exposed calreticulin (CRT) [38], thus turning “cold” tumours into “hot” ones, reversing the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and sensitizing tumours to immunotherapy [39–42].