Similar to inhibition of VP ChAT neurons (Supplementary Fig. S5a–d), photo-inhibition (589 nm, 3 mW, 1–3 min constant light) of the VPChAT-BLA projection did not affect baseline mechanical and thermal thresholds in naive mice, but significantly increased the PWT in mice with capsaicin-induced acute inflammatory pain (Supplementary Fig. S12c–j), and elevated both PWT and PWL in CFA-induced persistent inflammatory pain and SNI neuropathic pain mouse models (Fig. 10f–i) (Fig. 10f, CFA, PWT. Here, CHAT is linked to Pain.