To understand whether repetitive photo-inhibition of VP ChAT neurons mitigates anxiety- and depression-like behaviours with other etiology, we examined its effects on these behaviours in eYFP and NpHR mice subjected to either chronic restraint stress (CRS) or chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) (Supplementary Fig. S7a–d). The gene discussed is CHAT; the disease is depressive disorder.