VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: The AC model is a widely used human RCC line, expressing wild-type VHL protein.39 However, it was recently reclassified as a papillary RCC and not ccRCC.38 The AC-VHL-KO line exhibited an EMT cellular morphology, elevated expression of EMT markers, and slowed growth (Supplementary Fig. 2c, d).