RPS19 and cyst: We induced encystment by placing the infected cultures under alkaline stress (pH 8.2) in combination with CO2 deprivation (<5%) and tracked differentiation using immunofluorescent staining of T. gondii stage-specific surface antigens [41,42] and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), which binds sugar moieties present on the proteins that form the cyst wall [43].