Additionally, a publicly available RNA-seq data set (GSE101469) (24) was used to find that the IL-17 signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in carcinoma (C57BL/6 mice drank 50 mg/L 4NQO water for 28 weeks) compared with normal lingual mucosa (4NQO for week 0) (Fig. S2H), while there was no significant difference between 4NQO for weeks 0 and 12 (hyperplasia and mild and moderate dysplasia) (Fig. S2I). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and carcinoma.