TNFSF10 and liver cancer: In HepG2 cancer cells, poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles (PBAE NPs), engineered with a cDNA sequence coding a secretable TRAIL protein or sTRAIL, initiated apoptosis by increased DR5 expression on the cell surface and a 40-fold increase in cell death, reprogramming liver cancer cells to produce TRAIL protein[145].