TRAIL gene delivered with plasmid pORF-hTRAIL (pDNA), incorporated into cationic albumin-conjugated pegylated nanoparticles (CBSA-NP), was evaluated as a non-viral vector for gene therapy of gliomas; hTRAIL-mediated apoptosis was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis for active caspase-3 using an antibody that detected the cleaved p17 fragment at 14 days after intravenous administration of CBSA-NP-hTRAIL, which was confirmed by the presence of p17-positive tumor cells[160]. Here, ALB is linked to neoplasm.