The synthesis of a novel nanohybrid system, sTRAIL (TRAIL fused with crystalline bacterial cell surface layer (S layer) protein), combined with graphene quantum dots or GQDs elevated the functional stability of TRAIL by improving pro-caspase-8 activation and mitochondria-dependent cell death in doxorubicin-pretreated human colon cancer cells (HT-29) when compared to S-TRAIL alone. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF10 and malignant colon neoplasm.