The pro-apoptotic potential of these SWCNT-PSE-PEG-TRAILs (also called NPTs) is increased by almost 20-fold in various human tumor cell lines (HCT116- colon adenocarcinoma cells, H1703-squamous NSCLC cells, HepG2-hepatocarcinoma cells, and HUH-hepatoblastoma cells) due to increased levels of caspase-8 and enhanced DISC formation[104]. The gene discussed is CASP8; the disease is neoplasm.