Though AKT and β-catenin signaling has been poorly investigated in parathyroid tumor cell biology so far, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was impaired in about one fifth of the parathyroid cancers (35, 36), suggesting a role of the AKT pathway in parathyroid cell pathophysiology. Here, AKT1 is linked to malignant tumor of parathyroid gland.