Although several investigations revealed pro-apoptotic effects of LEM in distinct cancer cells, two studies showed that the activation of caspase-3, which leads to apoptosis, is inhibited by LEM in the premature ovarian failure rat model (Mobasher et al., 2023) and in human astrocytes CCF-STTG1 (Koo et al., 2002), indicating that the pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of LEM are cell-type dependent. Here, CASP3 is linked to cancer.