Moreover, the sex-specific effect may be a special feature of circadian disruption that causes misalignment of behavioral rhythms and the LD cycle since in our previous study we found that ApoE−/− males, but not females, had increased atherosclerosis in a constant lighting condition, which causes more severe circadian disruption (some mice became arrhythmic) than chronic LD shifts (Chalfant et al., 2020). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is atherosclerosis.