Ectopic expression of PRL3 in CRC cells increases secretion of the cytokine TNFα, which activates NF-κB in an autocrine manner, leading to cell growth via increased G2/M transition 50, induction of EMT 83, as well as increased secretion of angiogenesis associated proteins such as VEGF-A 85. This evidence concerns the gene PTP4A3 and colorectal carcinoma.