MAP1LC3A and infection: In the opposite side, it was shown that a small molecule, C4 (4-{[4-(4-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}benzyl)piperazino]carbonyl}benzonitrile), that inhibits interaction between the parasite-derived protein called Upregulated in infective sporozoites 3 (UIS3) and LC3 is capable of impairing infection [423] arguing that LC3 labeling of the PVM is beneficial for parasite survival.