For example, ESWT with different parameters in rats with collagenase-induced Achilles tendinitis showed that low-energy ESWT eliminated tendon oedema, swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration, promoted tendon cell proliferation and neovascularization, and promoted transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression during treatment, but high-energy ESWT was not beneficial for tendon repair in rats (Chen et al., 2004) Figure 2A. Here, TGFB1 is linked to tendinitis.