Recently, a large number of molecular markers related to the onset and prognosis of AML, such as fusion genes CBFB–MYH11, RUNX1–RUNX1T1, and BCR-ABL1 caused by chromosome aberrations and mutant genes NPM1, TP53, and ASXL1, have been gradually discovered and investigated. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.