In addition to their ability to establish firm contact and support CLL survival through stromal-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), these cells cause overactivation of both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway via several mechanisms (43). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.