TNF and neoplasm: The former, which is induced by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and IFN-γ, secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF), iNOS and MHC class II molecules, and has the ability to coordinate the anti-tumor immune response of Th cells; M2-macrophages are induced by IL-4 and IL-13 which secreted by CD4+ T cells.