These factors induce the amplification of MDSCs via JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, Notch, NF-κB, NLRP3, Wnt and adenosine receptors A2b signaling pathway, and then MDSCs are recruited to the tumor site by PEG-2, resulting in promoting production of iNOS, arginase, IL-10 and TGF-β (12). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.