CD86 and ischemic stroke: Our results showed that ischemic stroke induced MG activation, and that was accompanied with increased CD86 expression and upregulated IL-1α and IL-1β production in the ipsilateral hemisphere of vehicle-treated MCAO mice compared to the ipsilateral hemisphere of sham controls and the contralateral hemisphere of vehicle-treated MCAO mice at day 1 post-injury (Figures 3A–C).