Mechanistically, we identified that IFNβ attenuated delayed tPA-induced brain injury exacerbation, BBB disruption aggravation, and HT induction in ischemic stroke, and these protective effects were partly mediated through IFNβ-exerted suppression of MMP3 and MMP9 in the ischemic brain (20). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and ischemic stroke.