A variety of cytokines secreted from mononuclear, endothelial, and leukemic cells, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6, promote hypercoagulability by upregulating the expression of procoagulant factors such as TF and adhesive molecules (AM) and downregulation of fibrinolytic factors such as thrombomodulin (TM) (38, 62, 63). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and thrombophilia.