Individuals with acute COVID-19 had significantly elevated levels of 16 of the 20 markers studied - namely IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33, TNF-α, IP-10, IFN-y, MCP-1, MIP-1β, G-CSF and YKL-40 - with significantly lower levels of TGF-β in comparison to healthy controls. Here, CCL4 is linked to COVID-19.