The underlying pathological features of AD are the presence of large numbers of senile plaques (SPs) formed by beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposits outside the neuros (57) in the brain, as well as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by tau-hyperphosphorylation (58, 59), oxidative stress (60), and alterations in cholinergic signaling (61). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.