Neutralizing pleural IL-6 or IL-6Rα activity with therapeutic antibodies may not only diminish IL-6-driven aggressive tumor behavior associated with EMT (37) (Figures 5B–D), but may also reverse downstream negative regulation of tumor-specific immune effector responses (Figures 5E, F), thereby enhancing the efficacy of other immune oncology therapies (38). This evidence concerns the gene IL6R and neoplasm.