TNF and infection: Intrestingly, H7N7 infection resulted in significantly higher levels of IL-10 [Figure 2E, two-way ANOVA Finfection(1, 11) = 17.43, p = 0.001] and TNFα [Figure 2F, two-way ANOVA Finfection(1, 11) = 26.24, p = 0.0003] in the lungs of mice, regardless of whether they had been previously vaccinated or not, compared to their respective controls.