Likewise, Prakash et al. (2014) demonstrated that ethanolic root extract of W. somnifera at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 9 weeks provided nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuroprotection against maneb and paraquat-induced Parkinsonism via modulation of oxidative stress, significant improvements in canonical PD indicators for instance, impaired locomotor activity, improved pro-apoptotic state via reducing Bax and inducing Bcl-2 protein expression, decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra, decreased iNOS expression, and GFAP (a pro-inflammatory marker of astrocyte activation). Here, GFAP is linked to Parkinson disease.