ALB and acute kidney injury: After adjusting for the confounders (BMI + gender + age + CCB + ACEI + diuretics + diabetes + NSAIDs + preoperative hemoglobin + preoperative albumin + operation duration + intraoperative blood loss + intraoperative infusion volume + intraoperative total fluid out + ASA grade + intraoperative minimum MAP + mode of anesthesia), perioperative dexmedetomidine administration remained significantly associated with reduced postoperative AKI incidence (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36–0.87, p = 0.010) and AKI stages (β= −0.03, 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.01), p = 0.010) (Table 3).