KCND3 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Downregulation of voltage-gated K+ channels (KV) channels (notably KV 1.5), is also considered to be an early contributor to the pathophysiology of PAH leading to vasoconstriction of PA, hypertrophy and remodeling (Antigny et al., 2016; Thenappan et al., 2018).