HMGB1 and brain ischemia: In a mouse model of transient MCAO, glutamate concentrations increased rapidly at the onset of cerebral ischemia, reduced during reperfusion, and increased again 1 h after reperfusion; however, anti‐HMGB1 antibody could prevent the increase in glutamate concentration after reperfusion (Zhang et al., 2011), suggesting that HMGB1 promotes extracellular glutamate aggregation after cerebral ischemia.