TGFB1 and cancer: For example, CAFs release stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) to promote colorectal liver metastasis [11]; while CRC with elevated transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression also induces CAFs to synthesis extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents such as fibronectin and collagen I that promote the cancer metastasis and growth [12–14].