TGFB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: It has been reported that RAS activation in the liver promotes insulin resistance, lipogenesis, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) [27, 28], which induces fibrogenesis and causes histological changes typical of NASH [27].