What is more gratifying is that when we co-incubated E. coli-BSA with Tccsup and 5637 bladder cancer cells expressing higher levels of SPARC, the Tccsup cells were infected by a high number of E. coli-BSA after 12 h (Additional file). These data not only provide feasibility support for the bacterial surface BSA modification strategy, but also reveal the anti-cancer potential of such a strategy. Here, SPARC is linked to urinary bladder cancer.