In the present post hoc analysis of 5819 older individuals with additional stroke risk factors enrolled in a large AF screening trial, we reported the following major findings: (1) participants with higher levels of NT-proBNP were at higher risk of AF, stroke, and death; and (2) compared with usual care, ILR screening was associated with a significant reduction in stroke risk among participants with baseline NT-proBNP above median (>15 pmol/L) but not among those having lower levels. Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.