In addition to the sex differential expression and activity of Piezo2 in nociceptors (Figs. 3–5) as one of the possible underlying mechanisms, some studies also suggested a sex-dependent involvement of immune cells in mechanical pain hypersensitivity48, especially M1-like microphages being reported to participate, independent of Nav1.8 nociceptors, in the maintenance of osteoarthritis pain where gender was not specified49. The gene discussed is PIEZO2; the disease is osteoarthritis.