We found that TSEN54, as one of the components listed in the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex, besides participating in RNA splicing and mRNA processing, is also involved in chromatin assembly or disassembly, chromosome segregation, DNA replication, organelle fission, cell cycle phase transition and other biological processes to modulate HCC cells’ cell cycle process, thus participate in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. The gene discussed is TSEN54; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.