IFNG and neoplasm: Similarly, Relation et al. also found that engineered MSCs with pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ not only deliver IFN-γ directly to the tumor microenvironment but also avoid systemic toxicity, which decreases tumor growth rate and increases survival via inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization (the increased IL-17 and IL-23p19, M1 polarization markers) in vivo and in vitro [151].