Sacubitril/valsartan reduces the incidence of AF in rabbits with rapid atrial pacing by attenuating atrial electrical and structural remodeling (106) and may reduce AF susceptibility by inhibiting p-Smad2/3, p-JNK, and p-p38MAPK pathways against Ang II-induced atrial fibrosis (107). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD2 and atrial fibrillation.