PTPRD and autism spectrum disorder: Clinically, genome wide association studies have linked PTPRD variants with several neural disorders, including: 1) rare copy number variation with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) (Pinto et al., 2010), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Elia et al., 2010), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Gazzellone et al., 2016); 2) Single nucleotide polymorphisms with schizophrenia (Li et al., 2018); and, 3) non-coding variants associated with restless leg syndrome (Schormair et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2011).