STAT3 and Sepsis: Given that Stat3-Y705 is phosphorylated (p-Y705-Stat3) in response to sepsis, and p-Y705-Stat3 can translocate to the nucleus or mitochondria to regulate the expression of target genes 48 and it has been proposed as a therapeutic target for sepsis through regulating inflammation 49, 50, we examined the interaction between p-Y705-Stat3 and PD-L1 in neutrophils from septic patients.